EXPLANATORY NOTES
CLIMATE
METEOROLOGY
This Sub‑section includes the data for the years 1971 to 1996 on temperature (Minimum & Maximum) and rainfall recorded at selected stations. The rainfall at the specified stations is recorded in millimetres instead of inches. (1 inch = 25.4 millimetres) at 08.00 and 17.00 Hrs, PST, daily by the Meteorological Observatories. The Meteorological Observers record not only Rainfall but also many other Meteorological elements like Air Pressure, Temperature (Maximum and Minimum) Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature, Humidity Dew point Temp, Horizontal Visibility, Clouds Wind (Direction and Velocity) and other important weather phenomena like Thunder‑Storm, Lightening, Duststorm, Hailstorm, Fog, Mist, etc. After recording all the Meteorological data at hours mentioned above in the Daily Pocket Register, the Meteorological Observatories transmit telegraphically these data in coded form to Meteorological Office, Karachi. The Meteorological Office utilizes these data to issue Daily Weather Forecast, these data are also published in the Regional Daily Weather Report which is issued by the Meteorological office, Karachi.
The Meteorological observations recorded daily at different hours are copied by the Observers in Monthly Meteorological Register and this Register is sent to Regional Centre at Karachi in the first week of each succeeding months. These Registers are then thoroughly scrutinised by the Trained Meteorological staff at Karachi and necessary corrections are applied, where necessary.
POPULATION
Since the inception of Pakistan five Censuses have been conducted, the first one in 1951, the second one in 1961, the third one in 1972 and fourth in 1981, fifth censuses which was scheduled to be conducted in 1991 has been conducted in March, 1998. Detailed results have not been released so far. These Censuses were conducted by the Population Census Organization.
Urban Areas:‑ The 1961 Census defined "Urban" as "All Municipalities, Civil Lines, Cantonments and any other area inhabited by not less than 5,000 persons and consisting of a continuous collection of houses". In applying this definition it has been found that almost all urban areas are fully constituted Municipalities or areas administered by Notified Area Committees. In few cases places having distinctly urban characteristics have been classified as urban areas although their population falls a short of 5,000.
AGRICULTURE
This Sector includes 18 statistical tables for the period from 1970‑71 to 1996‑97 covering information on the following:
i) Land Utilization.
ii) Agricultural Inputs viz. Canal Withdrawals, Sales of Fertilizer, Distribution of Seeds and Consumption of Pesticides.
iii) Cropped Area Irrigated By Different Modes of Irrigation,Total Area Sown under Various Crops.
iv) Area and Production and Yield Per Hectare of Major and Minor Crops, Fruits, Vegetables and Pulses.
v) Commanded & Irrigated Area by Barrages.
The sources of collection of above data have been indicated in the bottom of the each table.
The method of collection and compilation of Land Utilization, Crop Acreage , Area & Production of Crops data are explained below.
1.LAND UTLIZATION
Land Utilization Statistics are compiled by the Statistical Wing of Directorate of Agriculture Extension, Hyderabad, Agriculture Department, Government of Sindh on the basis of District wise information supplied by Board of Revenue, Sindh.
Definitions of important Terms used in the Land Utilization Statistics are given below.
i) Total Area Reported means the total Physical Area of the Village, Deh or District etc. It Includes Cultivated Area (Net Area Sown + Current Fallow), Culturable Waste, Unculturable Land and Forest Area.
ii) Forest Area means the Area of any Land Classed or Administered as Forest Under any Legal Enactment dealing with Forests. Any Cultivated Area which may exist within such Forest should be excluded and shown under the Heading Cultivated Area.
iii) Total Cropped Area means the Sum Total of Area Sown during Kharif and Rabi Seasons during a given Year including Zaid Kharif and Zaid Rabi.
iv) Not Available for Cultivation means the Land Absolutely Barren, Roads, Canals, Tanks, Beds of Rivers, Torrents and Ravines, Sites of Villages, Houses Hills, Mountains. Sand Dunes and all Land devoted to Uses Alien to Agriculture.
v) Culturable Waste means all Cultivable Land not Actually Cultivated. It should include all grazing and other Land not included under Forest.
vi) Cultivated Area means the Land Currently being used for Agricultural purposes, included Land under Crops, Orchards as well as Current Fallow. It is the Area Net Sown plus Current Fallow.
vii) Current Fallow means the part of the Cultivated Area which has not been used for Cropping during the year under reference but for which the Total Vacant Period does not exceed Three Crop Seasons. The Land remaining vacant for More Than Three Successive Seasons should be shown under the Head "Cultivable Waste".
viii) Net Area Sown means the Area which has been Sown at least once in a year. It will include Area Under Crops, Fruit, Vegetable etc.
ix) Area Sown More Than Once means the difference between the Total Cropped Area and Net Sown.
2. CROP ACREAGE
Census of Crop Acreage is conducted by the Field Staff of Bureau of Statistics through Revenue Tapedars, in all about 6,000 Dehs for Kharif and Rabi Seasons. The Deh‑wise Crop Acreage Returns (Specific proforma) filled in by the Patwaries/Tapedars are collected by the Field Staff of Bureau of Statistics. These Returns are checked, edited, coded and processed on Computer and finally Acreage Statistics are dessiminated for the users.
3. AREA & PRODUCTION ESTIMATES OF MAJOR & MINOR CROPS
i) Area
Final Estimates of Area Sown under Wheat, Cotton and Rice Crops are prepared through Sample Surveys undertaken by Statistical Wing of Directorate of Agriculture Extension, Hyderabad. For Sugarcane Former's opinion Survey is conducted by the Extension Staff of Agriculture Department. The Acreage data of other Crops is collected from Board of Revenue by Extension Staff of Agriculture Department. These estimates are Examined by the Sub‑committee Comprising representatives of the Board of Revenue, Agriculture, Irrigation & Bureau of Statistics. Finally, these estimates are discussed and approved by the Agricultural Co‑ordination Board headed by the Additional Chief Secretary (Dev.).
ii) Production
Final Production Estimates of Wheat, Cotton and Rice are prepared through Crop Cutting Surveys undertaken by the Extension Staff of the Agriculture Department. Production of remaining Crops are based on Subjective judgement of the Staff of Extension Wing of Agriculture Department. Consolidated Major & Minor Crops Estimates are Checked/Examined by the Sub‑committee Comprising the representatives of Agriculture, Board of Revenue, Irrigation & Bureau of Statistics. Thereafter these estimates are discussed and cleared in the meeting of Sindh Agricultural Statistics Co‑ordination Board alongwith other information available on Fertilizer, Pesticides, Rainfall, Water Availability and Agriculture Credit.
QUANTUM INDEX NUMBER OF MAJOR CROPS PRODUCTION
The Quantum Index measures the tendency of Crops in different period to facilitate the comparison in different times.
The Quantum Index of Major Crops is based on Laspyre's Formula which is.
po Qn
I = ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ x 100 (Percentage)
Po Qo
Where;
I = Index of Industrial Production.
Qn = Current Year Quantity (Production).
Po = Base Year Price.
Qo = Base Year Quantity.
The Quantum Index of Major Crops for the year 1992‑93 is computed on the basis of the base year Harvest Prices 1985‑86 collected from Federal Bureau of Statistics whereas the Index for the previous years were calculated on the base year 1975‑76. The data of Crop Production is collected from Provincial Agriculture Department, Government of Sindh.
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
This Sector covers the Statistics on the following.
i) Annual Census of Manufacturing Industries (C.M.I).
ii) Monthly Survey of Industrial Production and Employment.
ANNUAL CENSUS OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES(C.M.I.)
In this sector Industrial data relating to Fixed Assets, Employment, Employment Cost, Industrial Cost, Value of Production and Gross Census Value Added for registered Manufacturing Establishments reported for the years 1970‑71 to 1972‑73 and 1975‑76 to 1991‑92 is provided.
Census of Manufacturing Industries is conducted annually as a regular feature under Industrial Statistics Act, 1942 through joint efforts of Federal Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan, Provincial Directorate of Industries and Provincial Bureau of Statistics, with the following distribution of work.
Federal Bureau of Statistics
a) Planning of Census in collaboration with Provincial Bureaus of Statistics and Directorates of Industries.
b) Preparation of Questionnaire, Tabulation Plan and Editing Instructions.
c) Preparation and publication of C.M.I Tables on National level.
Directorate of Industries, Sindh
a) Printing of the Questionnaire.
b) Notification of the Questionnaire in the Government Gazette.
c) Mailing out of Questionnaire.
d) Collection of filled CMI Returns.
e) Preliminary Editing of CMI Returns.
f) Maintenance of up‑to‑date List of Manufacturing Establishments.
Bureau of Statistics, Sindh
a) Scrutiny, Editing and Coding of C.M.I Returns.
b) Data Processing of CMI Returns.
c) Preparation and publication of Provincial Summary Tables.
Scope & Coverage
All Establishments engaged in manufacturing or repairing activities whether for whole or part of the year and registered under the Factories Act,1934 are covered under the Census. The Defence and Government Workshops though engaged in manufacturing activities and registered under said Act are excluded.
Definitions
Definition of Important terms used in C.M.I. are as under.
i) Registered Factories
An Establishment is said to be Registered under Section 2 (j) of Factories Act, 1934 (Amendment of 1973) if Ten or More workers are working on any day of the preceding Twelve months and in any part of which Manufacturing process is being carried on with the aid of Power or is ordinarily so carried on but does not include Mines Subject, which comes under the operation of Mines Act, 1923.
ii) Gross Value of Fixed Assets
It includes the Gross Value of Land, Building, Machinery and other Fixed Assets i.e. Equipment, Vehicles, Furniture etc. at the end of the year.
iii) Employment
It includes average number of persons engaged in Manufacturing activity during a month of the Census Year.
iv) Employment Cost
It includes Wages and Salaries, Cash and Non‑cash Benefits and the Amount Paid to Employees.
v) Industrial Cost
It includes Cost of Raw Materials, Fuel and Electricity Consumed and Payments to others for work done and repair and maintenance of the Equipment.
vi) Gross Value of Industrial Production
It includes the Value of Products and By‑Products, receipt from Industrial Waste, Receipts from Industrial work done and Services Rendered to others, Sale of Electricity and Value of "Net Work in Process." The Value of Products and by‑products includes indirect Taxes.
vii) Gross Value Added
This is worked out by subtracting Industrial Cost from the Gross Value of Industrial Production.
Limitations of C.M.I
i) The Mailing List used for the Census may not be up‑to‑date.
ii) Reported data suffers from reporting errors and inconsistencies which were corrected on the basis of available supplementary information and past trends.
iii) Census Results become available with a time lag of three years chiefly due to the time taken in collection of filled‑in returns from establishments.
iv) Size and nature of Non‑response varies from year to year.
MONTHLY SURVEY OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION & EMPLOYMENT (M.I.P.E.)
Statistical Tables included in this section contain data on production in respect of 55 items Manufactured by selected large‑scale Industries in Sindh. These Industries accounted for about 68.83% of "Total Value Added" in Manufacturing Sector in the Province during, 1980‑81.
Information on quantity produced by items and employment by categories is collected by the Bureau of Statistics through mail, fax, telephonic contacts and personal visits from about 500 reporting establishments every month. The results of the Survey are finalized within a time Lag of Six weeks. In addition to collection, compilation, tabulation and processing of data, Bureau of Statistics has been regularly computing Index of Industrial Production.
INDEX OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
The Index is designed to measure changes in Physical output in Large Scale Manufacturing Industries. The weights for the Index are based on Census Value Added at Factor Cost (Gross Value of Production less Industrial Cost less Indirect Taxes) for the year, 1980‑81. The coverage of the Census is limited to the Selected Manufacturing Establishments employing 10 or more persons. Items covered under Index of Industrial Production account about 69% of the Total value added based on C.M.I. 1980‑81.
The Production data used for computation of indices is obtained through survey of Monthly Industrial Production and Employment carried out by Sindh Bureau of Statistics for selected Industries/Items in Sindh.
Laspyre's Formula has been used for computation of Index Numbers, which is as follows.
qn qn
S ---‑‑‑‑ poqo S ‑‑---‑‑ W
qn po qo qo
I = ----‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ x 100 = ‑--‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ x 100 = ‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ x 100
S qo po S qo po S W
In = Quantum of Index for Current Period.
po = Unit Price of the Item in the Base Period.
qo = Quantity of the Base Period.
qn = Quantity of Current Period.
W = Weight of an Item.
ELECTRICITY AND GAS
This sector includes tables No. 8.01 to 8.04 pertaining data on electricity consumption and number of consumers by KESC & WAPDA. Number of villages electrified by WAPDA alongwith Natural Gas consumption and its number of consumer in Sindh. Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Ltd (KESC) is responsible for generation and distribution of electricity of Karachi Division whereas Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) generates electricity from National Grid and supplies electricity to all the areas of Sindh excluding Karachi. Therefore, it may be concluded that totals of KESC and WAPDA figures represent Sindh figure. The gas data is collected annually from SUI SOUTHERN Gas Company, which was formerly consisted of two factions
namely Karachi Gas Company and Indus Gas Company. Karachi Gas company was responsible for distribution of gas to Karachi Division where as Indus gas company was responsible for distribution of gas to interior Sindh (excluding Karachi). The Gas data given in table No. 8.04 includes data of Karachi Gas as well as Indus Gas company.
DEFINITIONS OF IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN THIS SECTOR
1) Domestic Consumption and Number of Consumption of Electricity.
It includes the generation consumption for lamps, fans and other single phase house ware appliances. The rated capacity of any house‑ware appliance should not exceed 4 kilowatts.
2) Commercial Consumption and Number of Consumers of Electricity
It includes the consumption for commercial use of lamps, fans, heaters,Air conditions,Refrigerators, Tube wells(non‑agricultural) and all other single phase appliances whose rated capacity should not exceed 4 Kilowatts.
3) Industrial Consumption and Number of Consumers of Electricity
It includes the consumption for industrial purpose in factories and also for tube wells and water pumps operating on three phase 400 volts. The supply given to the offices of the factories are also included.
4) Agricultural Consumption and Number of Consumers of Electricity
It includes the consumption of electricity for agricultural purposes e.g. for irrigation pumps, Tube wells etc.
5) Others
Others include public lighting and bulk supply.
G A S
1) Domestic Consumption & Number of Consumers of Gas
It includes residential colonies, mosques, other religious places, Govt. and Semi Govt. offices, guest houses, Armed forces Messes, Universities and other institutions.
2) Commercial Consumption and number of Consumers of Gas
It includes all establishments registered as commercial unit e.g. all shops, clubs, cinema houses and clinics.
3) Industrial Consumption and number of consumers
It includes all factories engaged in manufacturing process.
4) Others
Other include consumption of gas by any other categories not mentioned above.
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS
Data on Roads by type i.e. High and Low type is collected from Highways Department Government of Sindh, Karachi.
Data on Motor Vehicles on Road is collected from Excise & Taxation Department, Government of Sindh.
TELEPHONES
Information on Telephones covers No. of Telephones Exchanges, No. of Telephones, No. of Inland Trunk Calls and No. of Public Call Offices and is supplied Karachi/Southern Telecommunication region, Karachi.
RADIO AND TV LICENSES
Information on Radio Licenses is received from the Post Master General Karachi/Southern Circle and information on Television Licenses is received from PTV Islamabad.
EDUCATION
Information on School Education up till 1992‑93 was collected from Directorate of School Education Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur. However, from year 1994 and onwards data on School Education was taken from the publications of Sindh Educational Management Information System (SEMIS) under Education Department, Government of Sindh.
HEALTH
Information on Health sector is collected from Directorate of Health Services Government of Sindh.
Other hospitals covers, civil, specialized hospitals and taluka headquarter hospitals under control of Health Department.
Private hospitals, hospitals of local Government and those run by Federal and Provincial Government and autonomous bodies are not included.